Abstract: It is important to strengthen the political environment assessment of the target countries, in order to prevent political risks effectively, and promote the selection and construction of strategic fulcrum in One Belt One Road. This paper adopts 6 indicators, including the openness and stability of national development model, the coordination and effectiveness of political power structure, the independence of diplomacy, and the inclusive of culture, to analyze the political environment of Thailand and Indonesia, which are the potential strategic fulcrum of 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. This paper suggests that, it will be helpful to improve the political environment and reduce the political risks by constructing a full range and multi-level communication & coordination network of One Belt One Road.