Abstract: “Belt and Road” strategy involves a large amount of government cooperation, policy docking and cultural cooperation, so political science researchers need to make political analysis on these countries and regions. Based on the basic research framework of political science, the relevant study is divided into three levels: state power, government decision-making and geopolitical, summarizing the logic of regime security, government policies and political crisis issues, and beginning to set up the research method of solving the problems related. It is recommended that we use the historical comparative methods to study the basic systems and the national conditions, use the system analysis and structure functionalism in the study of the government policy, use the international political theory to analyze the international and regional factors. The preliminary political framework is built for the future research, to provide useful experience for the political and strategic studies on “The Belt and Road”.