Abstract: Many local endowment insurance governments have paid more and more attention to the social of the Chinese peasant workers, taking efforts to make social endowment insurance systems going with its own characteristics respectively. However, the arrangements made so far are not so desirable. The paper will describe, analyze and discuss the situation, problems and various schemes being tried at large. At the end, the paper will bring up three fundamental questions to be considered-in designing a proper social endowment insurance system for the Chinese peasant workers.