Judicial Relief to the Violation of the License:Inspiration and Reference of U.S.Judicial Practice to Our Country
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摘要: 从比较法的角度,美国司法实践处理违反许可约款纠纷的相关做法和观点对我国有重要借鉴意义。为合理处理此类纠纷,在诉讼法律关系的释明及责任确定上,第一步区分许可的独占与非独占类型。若系独占许可,则释明为违约之诉,判令承担违约责任;若为非独占许可,则区分违反对象系“条件”抑或“承诺”。“条件”、“承诺”的判断根据其约定的权利是否为知识产权排他性权利及其是否为知识产权立法精神、公共政策赋予许可人的其他合法权益进行。违反“条件”,释明为侵权之诉抑或侵权与违约竞合,由原告选择,进而确定相应的侵权责任或违约责任;违反“承诺”,则释明仅为违约之诉,责令承担违约责任,作为补充,对实质性违反承诺导致许可被撤销时,仅判令承担侵权责任。Abstract: From the viewpoint of the Comparative Law,American relative practices and opinions dealing with violation of the license has important reference to our country.The first step is to differentiate the exclusive license and the non-exclusive license when the legal relation and responsibility is explained and defined.If it is an exclusive license,it is explained as a contract suit and the order responsibility of breach;if it is the other,we should differentiate the breached object as a "condition" or a "convent". Whether the right obtained in "condition" or "convent" is intellectual property exclusive right or it is legitimate interest entitled to licensors according to the legislative spirit or public policy is the judgement basis between " condition" or a " convent".Breach of " condition" is interpreted as a tort suit,or concurrence between the tort suit and the contract suit,and let the plaintiff choose,and then define the tortious liability or responsibility of breach;Breach of "convent" is interpreted as a breach suit,leading to the responsibility of breach;additionally,when the "convent" is so essentially breached as to the license to be canceled,only leading to the tortious liability.
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Keywords:
- license /
- convent /
- concurrence
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[1] DRATLER J J.知识产权许可(上)[M].王春燕,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2003. [2] W GOMULKIEWWICZ R.Conditions and convents in license contract:tales from test of the artistic license[J].Tex. Intell.Prop.L.J.,2008 -2009(17):335-361.
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