Abstract: Liu Jiangsun was an important literary critic of the early Yuan Dynasty. His literary thought has been widely concerned about and highly appraised by the researchers of the literary critical history. However, to master his literary theory and literary thought still requires further discussion. The bright rebellious color in his thought on which his theory is also based should be a basic point to learn his literary theory. He wrote and evaluated essays with spirit and poems with emotions and tastes, and his works and viewpoints were permeated with his literary thought of publicizing personality, imitating nature and valuing self. At that time, it undoubtedly had a great guiding significance in theory.