Abstract: As a master of the classical liberalism,Hayek breaks through the tradition of discussing the concept of liberty only at the moral level,and turns liberty of philosophical concept into the concept of social science,the reason of which lies in his liberty with a wide range of theoretical basis.Hayek inherits the tradition of classical liberalism which advocates individualism,also points out that the individual rationality limited,which means the progress of civilization is definitely not rational results of pre-designed,but depends on the spontaneous social order during the social evolution.As the three theoretical basis of Hayek's liberty,individualism,anti-rationalism and spontaneous order need to be deeply studied for the prerequisite for understanding the thought of freedom,which is of great significance.