Abstract: The development of new quality productive forces has put forward new requirements for building a performance evaluation index system for the transformation of scientific and technological innovation achievements. According to the characteristics of National Key R&D Programs of China, how to construct a scientific and reasonable performance evaluation index system for technological achievement transformation has become an important issue in accelerating the formation of new quality productive forces and the deep integration of industry, academia and research. Based on the connotation of new quality productive forces and the relationships between new quality productivity and technological innovation, the eight requirements of the technological achievements transformation have been summarized, namely innovation, precision, efficiency, sustainability, popularization, synergy, safety, and openness. By analyzing the typical practice cases, the problems of the technological achievement transformation of the National Key R&D Programs have been pointed out. A comprehensive performance evaluation index system for technological achievement transformation of the National Key R&D Programs from the perspective of new quality productive forces has been constructed, and the following four policy recommendations have been proposed: (1) strengthening policy support and funding investment; (2) accelerating talent cultivation and improving incentive mechanisms; (3) strengthening industry-university-institute cooperation and building the public service platform; (4) optimizing the evaluation system and promoting successful cases.