Abstract: During the period of social transformation in China, the construction of rural governance community is the key to responding to social risks. Transforming traditional governance concepts and innovating grassroots governance mechanisms are particularly important for effectively implementing rural revitalization strategies and achieving modernization of rural governance. This study constructs a Chinese-style rural social risk governance community based on the governance needs of rural social risks and the theoretical connotation of the community, following the logic of "Structure-Relationship-Performance". The rural social risk governance community is an organic system formed by integrating governance resources, stimulating participation enthusiasm, consolidating ideological consensus, and guiding risk perception. From the perspective of population modernization, based on the survey data of "Social Risks and Governance of Gender Imbalance" conducted in 20 villages and communities in Hubei Province in 2018, structural equation modeling was used to empirically test the construction mechanism of rural social risk governance community. It was found that governance capacity, public participation, trust, and risk perception are key elements in the construction of the grassroots social risk governance community, which have a significant impact on governance performance. Public participation, trust, and risk perception play important mediating roles in the mechanism. The rural social risk governance community provides a simplified governance logic under the complexity of modern national governance, which is of great significance for enhancing the publicity and effectiveness of risk governance.