Abstract: Reaching peak carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality will mean a broad and profound systemic socio-economic transformation, and the research paradigm emphasizing a single goal or limited goals has limitations in understanding the complexity of the net-zero transition under the goal of carbon neutrality, and it is difficult to effectively reflect and respond to the impacts of the profound socio-economic systemic and global changes under the multiple goals and constraints. Understanding and assessing the main characteristics, specific requirements and implementation paths of systemic socio-economic transformation under the "Dual-carbon" goals can enhance the understanding of the "Dual-carbon" goals, better release the dividends brought by the systemic transformation, avoid the accompanying risks, and promote the realization of high-quality economic and social development under the "Dual-carbon" goals, and contribute to the construction and practical exploration of global carbon neutrality theories.