苏国勋的韦伯论题及其超越:形式合理性与实质合理性

    Su Guoxun's Topic on Max Weber and its Transcendence: Formal Rationality and Substantive Rationality

    • 摘要: 苏国勋先生以近40年的学术生命深耕韦伯研究。他特别关注韦伯的形式合理性与实质合理性范畴,对它的理解和运用经历了三个递进的层次:第一个层次是素朴的,即理解、重建这一范畴,分析韦伯是如何基于它来展开文明比较、形塑对不同文明的认知和判断;第二个层次是反身性的,即用这对范畴来反思和批判韦伯使用这对范畴的过程及其结论,揭露韦伯困境的症结,即在形式和实质、工具与价值的二分中偏向于前一极而难以自拔;第三个层次是超越性的,从原始儒学和新儒学中捡拾起“综合的尽理之精神”,即“中和合理性”来重塑形式和实质的关系,并以之重新洞察全球化背景下的人类文明走向和中国社会转型的关键议题。苏国勋先生对于形式合理性与实质合理性这一形式性范畴的实质性理解和从中国文明汲取超越的资源的做法,对于扭转今天中国社会学的形式化取向是一个重要启示。

       

      Abstract: Professor Su Guoxun has studied Max Weber for nearly forty years. He payed special attention to Weber's category of formal rationality and substantive rationality, and his understanding of it has gone through three stages: the first stage is to reconstruct the category, and analyze how Weber compared civilizations and shaped his judgments about different civilizations based on it. The second stage is the reflexive stage, which is to reflect on the process of Weber's use of the category and the conclusions drawn, and to expose Weber's dilemma; the third stage is the transcendental stage, which is to create the concept of "Moderate rationality" according to the spirits of Primitive Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism, and reshape the relationships between formal rationality and substantive rationality, then gain insight into the trends of human civilization and the transformation of Chinese society in the context of globalization according to "Moderate Rationality". Professor Su Guoxun's substantive interpretation of the formal category of formal rationality and substantive rationality, as well as the practice of drawing resources from Chinese civilization to change Weber's dualism, give us some inspiration in reversing the formalization trend of Chinese sociology.

       

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