Abstract: Based on the data from the Child Survival and Development Survey in 2021, N county in Shaanxi, the effects of family population endowment on rural women's labor participation are estimated by constructing multinomial logistic regression models. The results show that the effects of family population endowment on rural married women's labor force participation are stronger than that of the males, with positive effects of children's age and spouse's domestic support and negative effect of domestic support to the elderly; and women's recent migration and out-of-county migration both increases their probability of labor participation, while spouse's distance of migration reduces their probability of labor participation. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve tripartite co-operations among individuals, families and society to promote women's high-quality employment.