Abstract: Scientific and technological strength refers to the ability for a nation to achieve its strategic goals, which is both an important part of the comprehensive national power and the basis of science and technology innovation for its growth. This paper evaluates quantitatively the great leap development of China's scientific and technological strength from 2000 to 2020. China's science and technology developed from a catching-up stage to an innovative stage, from the second tier of the world's science and technology to the first one, from the accumulation of quantity to the qualitative leap forward. This fully reflects the political advantages of the CPC's overall leadership, the advantages of strategy of innovation-driven development, the advantages of a new type of nationwide system under the socialist market economy, and the advantages of human resources in science and technology, etc. According to the requirement of insisting on the self- reliance and self-improvement of science and technology as the strategic support of national development, this paper also provides policy suggestions to strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological power. Finally, according to the advantages and favorable conditions of China's future development in many aspects, this paper provides an outlook to China's scientific and technological strategic goals in 2025 to 2035, which is to guarantee that China becomes one of the innovative countries.