非标准就业视角下的平台就业研究——基于网约车驾驶员从业状况调查数据的分析

    Studies on Platform Work From the Perspective of Non-standard Employment——Evidence from Investigation on Platform Employment of E-hailing Drivers

    • 摘要: 平台经济的发展衍生出新就业形态,从就业形态的视角出发,平台就业分为标准就业和非标准就业。以网约车平台为例,基于全国性调查的数据,分析平台就业及其不同就业形态的特征及问题。研究发现,平台就业对促进就业、增加收入具有重要民生意义;但超时劳动和社会保险缺失等问题较为严重,其中,社会保险的缺失,主要是由于非标准就业部分没有社会保险而导致的;非标准就业的总体工作满意度低于标准就业。相关性分析显示,非标准就业与平均月收入、社保和工作满意度显著负相关。提出应改变当前较为混乱的平台用工合同状况,探索实行准劳动合同制度;应将规范工作时长、完善社会保险作为规制平台用工的主要内容;应依据不同就业形态分类探讨相应的用工规制和治理;应研究出台平台就业专项就业政策;应加强组织实施平台就业专项调查等建议。

       

      Abstract: The growth of platform economy has engendered new forms of employment. From the perspective of employment modalities, this article categorizes platform work into standard and non-standard employment (NSE) and examines features and major issues of platform work and its different categories, exemplified by e-hailing drivers using national investigation data. This study finds that platform employment plays an important role in creating jobs and increasing income for platform workers. Yet, overtime work and lack of social insurance are quite prominent. Social insurance challenges among platform workers are mainly caused by the lack of social insurance among workers in the category of non-standard employment. Job satisfaction level of workers in non-standard employment is lower than those in standard employment. Correlation analysis reveals negative correlation between NSE and monthly average earnings, social insurance and job satisfaction. This paper suggests that it is necessary to change and manage current varied contract status within platform employment, and explore the implementation of a quasi-labor contract system. Regulating working hours and social insurance, should be highlighted in the regulation of platform employment. In exploration of regulating platform employment, targeted management should be implemented corresponding to different forms of employment. In addition, it is necessary to formulate specific employment policy and implement platform work investigation.

       

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