Abstract: China has resolutely made the commitment of "reaching the peak of carbon emission by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060" in spite of facing many adverse conditions and great challenges, which highlights the great efforts made by China to promote the governance of global climate change and build a community of shared future for mankind. The realization of carbon neutrality by 2060 requires that China's economic system must undergo a thorough green and low-carbon transformation and development. This paper analyzes the revolutionary changes in China's energy system caused by the realization of the carbon neutrality goal, and expounds how the carbon neutrality goal "forces" the fundamental transformation of China's economic development mode from different fields. This paper also discusses the dialectical relationship between carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutralization in 2060, the synergy of carbon emission reduction and pollution control, the realization of carbon neutrality and the promotion of industrial competitiveness. Finally, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the fundamental transformation of China's economic system and ensure the realization of carbon neutrality by 2060.