Abstract: This article uses indicators such as International Market Share, Trade Competitiveness Index, and Revealed Comparative Advantage Index to measure the changes in the international competitiveness of China's pharmaceutical industry, and evaluates its international competitiveness through vertical year-to-year comparisons and horizontal comparisons between countries. It further elaborated from the perspective of product segmentation and industrial chain. Overall speaking, the international competitiveness of China's pharmaceutical industry is not strong, and the competitiveness of high-end products such as biopharmaceuticals and high-tech drugs is even weaker, due to their location at the top end of the industrial value chain. However, some APIs and pharmaceutical excipients at the low end of the value chain have stronger competitiveness. Low intensity of innovation input, slow structural adjustment and low degree of acceptance by the international community are the main reasons for the weak international competitiveness of China's pharmaceutical industry. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China should further improve the industrial innovation ecosystem, deepen supply-side structural reforms, and actively promote international cooperation to enhance the international competitiveness of the pharmaceutical industry and promote high-quality development.