Abstract: As a long history of great agricultural civilization, China paid a great attention to food production throughout ancient times and food production was playing an important role in China's agriculture. The history of food production and the evolution of food purchasing and marketing system have been reviewed. Based on it, the issues of food production, such as ecological environment, food efficiency, and large import of food, are discussed. Through the analysis of trends of food production, the paper has come to the conclusion that China must ensure its food security so as to have control over its food supply by means of scientific and technological innovations, constructing protein feed bases and efficiently using resources.