Abstract: As the 19th CPC national congress report pointed out that the major social contradictions of China have been transformed into the contradictions between the ever-growing needs for a better life and the unbalanced and inadequate development, a new proposition has been raised to the education reform and development. With the universalization of compulsory education and the popularization of higher education, the fair and quality education become new education demands of the society instead of the educational opportunity. The study focuses on the problems in the process of education opportunity, fair and quality education supply, as well as education governance systems. Besides, it also concludes policy recommendations to improve the adaptability and flexibility of the educational supply structure, and to better cope with the diversification and individuation of education demand structure.