Abstract: Since its founding 70 years ago, the People's Republic of China's economy has undergone a special growth process. During this process, as one of the main driving forces in China's economic growth, the important role of the technological progress and its influence extent have been widely discussed. This paper reviews the economic research on the interactive relationship between technological progress and economic growth since the founding of new China. In particular, the paper goes over the domestic research development in this field through the following three aspects:the tortuous cognition process of "science and technology being the first productive force", its source and realization path, the measurement, evaluation and dispute of technological progress's contribution to economic growth.