Abstract: The economic competitiveness of the city not only reflects the comprehensive strength of the city itself, but also reflects the ability of the city to participate in the world and change the world. Especially the rapid rise of Asian cities is gradually changing the global urban system. Therefore, it is essential to study the influencing factors of Asian cities' economic competitiveness and the interaction mechanism between various factors within the city, and provide a theoretical basis for improving the economic competitiveness of Asian cities. This paper studies the influencing factors and mechanism of economic competitiveness of 566 cities in Asia by using structural equation modeling. The empirical findings indicate the following:1) Human capital, basic environment and financial services will have a significant positive direct impact on Asian cities' economic competitiveness. Impact, in which the direct impact of human capital is the most important, the direct impact of the basic environment is second, human capital and the basic environment have become the key factors to enhance the economic competitiveness of Asian cities; 2)Among the basic environment, urban soft links and human capital to Asia, the total impact of urban economic competitiveness is the largest, and the total impact of technological innovation is the smallest; 3) The urban soft links, industrial systems and technological innovations will only have an indirect impact on the economic competitiveness of Asian cities, and the various factors are closely related to each other. The mechanism of action is significant. The above research has certain reference significance for improving the economic competitiveness of Asian cities and the mechanism of interaction between various elements.