Abstract: The national science and technology innovation system arrangement is an important guarantee for the great development of American science and technology, and also the key to its major scientific and technological achievements. Based on the perspective of national innovation system theory, this paper systematically reviews the historical evolution of the national science and technology innovation system, and reveals its successful experience of the institutional arrangements for effective innovation in science and technology. The efficient coordination of national innovation system of science and technology is established, which has important inspiration and reference to build an innovation-oriented country.