Abstract: Li-ion batteries have been widely employed in various fields due to their excellent energy storage performance. With the growing demand for high-performance Li-ion batteries, it is particularly crucial to deeply understand the principle of Li-ion batteries by advanced characterization methods and to further improve the performance and safety. The imaging technologies based on synchrotron radiation X-ray are becoming pivotal in this research field. This article introduces several important X-ray imaging techniques and focuses on discussing their application in the study of the physicochemical properties and reaction mechanisms of battery materials with examples. Finally, the potential future application directions of X-ray imaging technology in the field of battery research are outlined.