Abstract: Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX), as an emerging autotrophic denitrification technology has been drawn significant attention in research area of livestock and poultry farming wastewater treatment for its multiple advantages, such as no external carbon source needed, less sludge production, and low greenhouse gas emission. This paper focused on the current status of water pollution in the livestock and poultry farming industry and analyzed the characteristics of wastewater guality, and the research processes, including two-stage, one-stage, and other modified ANAMMOX treatment methods for treating real wastewater, are systematically. It emphasizes that system performance can be improved through several strategies, including integrating a sludge mixing system to enhance the enrichment and retention of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, optimizing aeration conditions to selectively suppress the activity of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, adjusting the influent ρ(C)/ρ(N), implementing effective pre-treatment and long-term acclimation, and supplementing with exogenous compounds. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for improving the biological treatment of livestock and poultry farming wastewater and contribute to the advancement of related research and practical applicants.